Korean Expressions 1-5

1. 에      

a) indicates direction meaning toward or to (location marker)

• 집에 가는 길에 on my way home
• 학교에 가는 길에 on my way to school
• 화장실에 가는 길에 on my way to a restroom
• 오는 길에 on my way coming

i.e) 집에 가는 길이에요. I am on my way home.

b) used as a time indicator (time marker)

i.e) 아침 여섯시 오십분에 일어나요. (일어나다 to get up <-> 자다 to sleep)  I get up at 6:50 in the morning. 

c) used as a location marker that indicates “in” or “at” when adjective or non action verb presents within the sentence or when the sentence is descriptive.

1) 제 형은 미국에 있어요. (형 older brother) My older brother is in the US.

d) per

i.e) Q 하루에 몇 번 밥을 먹어요?  How many times do you have a meal per day?

      A 하루에 세 번 밥을 먹어요. I have a meal three times per day.

2. 에서

a) indicates direction meaning “from” (location marker) 

i.e) 그는 한국에서 왔어요. He came from Korea.

b) refers to the place “in” “at” (with motion related active verbs within a sentence)

i.e) 그는 도서관에서 한국어를 공부했어요. He studied Korean at a library.

한국:Korea +어:language = 한국어 Korean

프랑스 France + 어language = 프랑스어 French

독일 Germany + 어 language = 독일어 German

스페인 Spain + 어 language = 스페인어 Spanish

일본 Japan + 어 language = 일본어 Japanese

중국 China + 어 language = 중국어 Chinese

*영국 Britain +  어 language = 영어 English

3. 이에요 am, are, is (= Be Verb)

    예요 am, are, is (= Be Verb)

         Antonym) 아니에요 am not, is not, are not

• 예요 is shorthen form of 이에요 
• 이에요 is used after a consonant ending Noun
• 예요 is used after a vowel ending Noun
• 이에요 follows Noun only; thus, if a verb or adjective presents in a sentence, 이에요 is not required.

i.e) 저는 학생이에요. I am a student.

i.e) 그는 선생님이 아니에요. He is not a teacher.

• When 아니에요 presents in the sentence 이 is added after the compliment noun if the noun ends with a consonant
• When 아니에요 presents in the sentence 가 is added after the compliment noun if the noun ends with a vowel

4. 였어요was, were (= Be Verb)

    이었어요 was, were (= Be Verb)

         Antonym) 아니었어요 was not, were not

• 이었어요 is used after a consonant ending Noun
• 였어요 is used after a vowel ending Noun
• 였어요 follows Noun only; thus, if a verb or adjective presents in a sentence, 였어요 is not required.

i.e) 그는 약사였어요. He was a pharmacist. (약사 pharmacist)

i.e) 그의 자동차는 파란색이 아니었어요. His car was not blue. (자동차 car, 파란색 blue)

5. Noun을/를 위해(서)  for Noun

1) 저는 그녀를 위해(서) 선물을 샀어요. I bought a gift for her. (선물 gift, 사다 to buy)