Korean Grammar Future Tense

Korean Grammar Future Tense

 

 

Future Tense

 

  • Verbs and Adjectives determine the tense.

 

  • The ending “…ㄹ게요” and ㄹ 거예요 indicate future tense

 

  • […] means the infinitive stem of a verb or an adjective

 

  • ㄹ게요”, which means “I am going to”, is used to show the speaker’s willingness or volition to assure others that something will happen for sure, wheras “…ㄹ 거예요”, which means “I will”, indicates something that will happen some day.

 

  • Since 게 implies “willingness” and “volition”, “…ㄹ게요” shows the speaker’s willingness, therefore, only “I” or “We” subject is used in “…ㄹ게요” expression.

 

Ex)

할 거예요.         I will do it. (some day)

할게요.             I am going to do it. (show the speaker’s willingness)

 

갈 거예요.         I will go. (some day)

갈게요.             I am going to go. (show the speaker’s willingness)

 

 

“…ㄹ 거예요” and “…ㄹ게요” follow the same rules as follows.

 

1. If the stem of the infinitive verb or adjective, whose last syllable ends with a vowel (CV form), ㄹ is added under the last syllable and 거예요 or 게요 follows. 

 

Ex)

말하다 (infinitive verb) to speak

말하 (infinitive stem) speak + ㄹ게요 be going to

말할게요 (Polite form) be going to speak

 

저는 한국어를 말할게요. (한국어 Korean language)

I am going to speak Korean.

 

 

Ex)

가다 (infinitive verb) to go

가 (infinitive stem) go + ㄹ 거예요 will

갈 거예요 (Polite form) will go

 

저는 지금 한국에 갈 거예요. (한국에 to Korea, 지금 now)

I will go to Korea now.

 

 

 

2. If the stem of the infinitive verb or adjective, whose last syllable has a bottom consonant (CVC(C) form), we need an extra syllable before adding 거예요or 게요. This is because the bottom consonant of the stem is fixed.  

 

Ex)

먹다 (infinitive  verb) to eat

먹 (infinitive stem) eat + 을게요 be going to

먹을게요 (Polite form) be going to eat

 

저는 매운 음식을 먹을 거예요. (매운 음식 spicy food)

I am going to eat spicy food.

 

Ex)

읽다 (infinitive  verb) to read

읽 (infinitive stem) read + 을 거예요 will

읽을 거예요 (Polite form) will read

 

저는 한국어 책을 읽을 거예요.  (한국어 책 Korean book)

I will read a Korean book.

 

3. If the stem of the infinitive verb or adjective, whose last syllable already has the bottom consonantㄹ (CVC form), we only add 거예요or 게요after the infinitive stem.   

Ex)

놀다 (infinitive  verb) to play

놀 (infinitive stem) play + 거예요 will

*놀 거예요 (Polite form) will play

 

그는 오늘 놀 거예요. (오늘 today)

He will play today.

 

Ex)

살다 (infinitive  verb) to live

살 (infinitive stem) live + 거예요 will

*살 거예요 (Polite form) will live

 

그들은 시골에서 살 거예요. (시골 countryside)

They will live in countryside.

 

 

 

4-1. If the stem of the infinitive verb or adjective, whose last syllable has the bottom consonant ㄷ (CVC form), and if the bottom consonantㄷ changes to ㄹ during conjugation, then instead of using the infinitive stem, we keep the conjugated stem and 을 거예요 or 을게요 follows. This is because the bottom consonant of the stem is fixed.

 

Ex)

듣다 (infinitive  verb) to listen

듣다 → 들어요 (conjugated form) listen : 들listen + 을 거예요 will

*들을 거예요 (Polite form) will listen

 

저는 한국 음악을 들을 거예요. (한국 음악 Korean music)

I will listen to Korean music.

 

Ex)

걷다 (infinitive  verb) to walk

걷다 → 걸어요 (conjugated form) walk : 걸 walk + 을게요 be going to

*걸을게요 (Polite form) be going to walk

 

저는 빨리 걸을게요. (빨리 fast)

 I am going to walk fast.

 

4-2. If the stem of the infinitive verb or adjective, whose last syllable has the bottom consonant ㄷ (CVC form), and if the bottom consonantㄷ is not dropped during its conjugation, we keep the infinitive stem and 을 거예요 or 을게요 is added after the stem. This is because the bottom consonant of the stem is fixed.       

Ex)

받다 (infinitive  verb) to receive

받다 → 받아요 (conjugated stem) receive : 받receive + 을 거예요 will

*받을 거예요 (Polite form) will receive

 

저는 당신의 문자를 받을 거예요. (문자 text message)

I will receive your text message.

 

5-1. If the stem of the infinitive verb or adjective, whose last syllable has the bottom consonant ㅂ (CVC form), and if the bottom consonant ㅂ is dropped during its conjugation, then instead of using the infinitive stem, we keep the conjugated stem and 울 거예요 or 울게요 is added after the stem. 

Ex)

굽다 (infinitive  verb) to bake

굽다 → 구워요 (conjugated form) bake : 구 bake +울 거예요 will

*구울 거예요 (Polite form) will bake

 

저는 고기를 실내에서 구울 거예요. (고기meat, 실내indoors)

I will bake meat indoors.

 

5-2. If the stem of the infinitive verb or adjective, whose last syllable has the bottom consonant ㅂ (CVC form), and if the bottom consonant ㅂ is not dropped during its conjugation, we keep the infinitive stem and을 거예요 or 을게요 is added after the stem.                                                                                                           

Ex)

잡다 (infinitive  verb) to catch

잡다 → 잡아요 (conjugated form) catch : 잡 catch + 을 거예요 will

*잡을 거예요 (Polite form) will catch

 

저는 그들을 잡을 거예요.

I will catch them.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercise 12) Change the infinitive verbs and adjectives into future tense.

 

 

Infinitive form

Stem of the infinitive form

Future form

공부하다

to study

공부하

공부할 거예요

will study

가다

to go

 

 

오다

to come

 

 

보다

to watch, to see

 

 

말하다

to speak

 

 

만나다

to meet

 

 

일하다

to work

 

 

요리하다

to cook

 

 

먹다

to eat

 

 

마시다

to drink

 

 

사다

to buy

 

 

입다

to wear

 

 

나쁘다

to be bad

 

 

좋아하다

to like

 

 

걷다

to walk

 

 

듣다

to listen, to hear

 

 

알다

to know

 

 

싫어하다

to dislike

 

 

하다

to do

 

 

있다

to exist

 

 

없다

to not exist

 

 

살다

to live

 

 

앉다

to sit

 

 

서다

to stand

 

 

눕다

to lie

 

 

춥다

to be cold

 

 

덥다

to be hot

 

 

좋다

to be good

 

 

피곤하다

to be tired

 

 

아프다

to be sick

 

 

바쁘다

to be busy

 

 

이다

to be

 

 

아니다

to not be

 

 

 

 

 

 

Future Interrogation

 

Exercise 13) Translate the Q & A sentences into English.

(Verb) 먹을 거예요 will eat (먹다 to eat)

1.     Q 그는 밥을 먹을 거예요?

그는 밥을 먹을 거예요.

아니요그는 밥을 안 먹을 거예요.

   =그는 밥을 먹지 않을 거예요.

          그는 다이어트 중이에요.

Vocabulary)

밥 rice/meal

다이어트 diet

다이어트 중 on a diet

 먹을 거예요 = 지 않을 거예요 I won’t eat

 

(Verb) 갈 거예요 will go (가다 to go)

2.     Q 새뮤얼은 어디에 갈 거예요?

A 새뮤얼은 봄에 소풍갈 거예요.

A 새뮤얼은 회사에 갈 거예요.

A 새뮤얼은 학교에 갈 거예요.

Vocabulary)

봄에 in spring, 소풍가다 to go on a picnic

회사 company, 회사에 to the company

학교 school, 학교에 to school

 

 

3.     Q 당신은 오늘 오후에 회사 모임에 갈 거예요?

저는 회사 모임에 갈 거예요.

A아니요저는 회사 모임에 안 갈 거예요.

아니요저는 회사 모임에 가지 않을 거예요

   저는 가족 모임에 갈 거예요.

Vocabulary)

오늘 today, 오후에 in the afternoon

회사 company, 모임 meeting

 갈 거예요 = 가지 않을 거예요 I won’t go

가족 family

 

 

(Verb) 할 거예요 will do (하다 to do)

4.     Q 당신은 숙제를 언제 할 거예요?

저는 숙제를 지금 할 거예요.

A 숙제를 벌써 했어요. 그래서 숙제가 더 이상 없어요.

A 저는 숙제를 안 하고 싶어요. 그래서 지금 숙제를 안 할 거예요.

= 저는 숙제를 하고 싶지 않아요. 그래서 지금 숙제를 하지 않을 거예요.

Vocabulary)

숙제 homework, 언제 when

지금 now, 벌써 already

그래서 so, 더 이상 (in a negative sentence) no longer

 할 거예요 = 하지 않을 거예요 I won’t do

 

 

5.     Q 당신은 내일 뭐를 할 거예요?

A 저는 제 오랜 친구들을 만날 거예요.

저는 내일 일하러 갈 거예요.

A 저는 새로운 일을 시작할 거예요.

Vocabulary)

내일 tomorrow, 뭐 what, 오랜 친구들 old friends, 만나다 to meet

…러 가다 to go in order to …, 일하러 가다 to go in order to work

일하러 갈 거예요 will go in order to work,

새로운 일 new work, 시작하다 to start

 

 

6.     Q당신은 주말에 뭐를 할 거예요?

A저는 집에서 영화를 볼 거예요.

A 도서관에서 한국어를 공부할 거예요.

A 아마도 가족과 찜질방에 갈 거예요.

Vocabulary)

주말에 over the weekend, 뭐 what, 집 house, home

영화 movies, 도서관 library, 공부하다 to study

아마도 maybe, probably, 가족과 with family, 찜질방 Sauna

 

 

(Verb) 입을 거예요 will wear (입다 to wear)

7.     Q당신은 내일 어떤 옷을 입을 거예요?

A저는 원피스를 입을 거예요.

A 저는 치마나 바지를 입을 거예요.

Vocabulary)

내일 tomorrow, 어떤 which, what kind of, 옷 clothes

원피스 dress, 치마 skirt, 바지 pants, 나 or

 

(Verb) 있을 거예요 will stay (있다 to stay)

8.     Q 당신은 휴일에 집에 있을 거예요?

저는 집에 있을 거예요.

A아니요저는 집에 없을 거예요.

Vocabulary)

휴일 holiday, 집 house, home

없다 to not exist, to not stay

없을 거예요 won’t stay

 

(Verb) 먹을 거예요. Will eat (먹다 to eat)

9.     Q 당신은 어떤 음식을 좋아해요?

A저는 이탈리아 음식을 좋아해요

  그래서 피자와 스파게티를 먹을 거예요.

Vocabulary)

어떤 which, what kind of, 음식 food

그래서 so, 피자 Pizza

스파게티 Spaghetti

 

10.   Q당신은 내일 아침을 먹을 거예요?

A저는 내일 아침을 먹을 거예요.

Vocabulary)

내일 tomorrow, 아침 breakfast, morning

아침 in the morning (에 is time marker)

아침 breakfast (을 is direct object marker)

 

(Verb) 만날 거예요 will meet (만나다 to meet)

11.   Q당신은 다음 주에 당신의 여자 친구를 만날 거예요?

A저는 다음 주에 제 여자 친구를 만날 거예요.

A 아니요, 저는 다음 주에 제 여자 친구를 안 만날 거예요.

= 아니요, 저는 다음 주에 제 여자 친구를 만나지 않을 거예요.

Vocabulary)

다음 next, 다음 주 next week (주 = week)

여자 girl, woman (↔ 남자 boy, man)

여자 친구 girlfriend

 만날 거예요 = 만나지 않을 거예요  will not meet

 

Exercise 14) Translate the following sentences into English and vice versa.

 

1. 저는 아침에 일찍 일어날 거예요. (일찍 early, 일어나다 to get up)

 

 

→                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

 

2. 그는 오늘 밤에 일찍 잘 거예요. (오늘 밤에 tonight, 자다 to sleep, to go to bed)

 

 

→                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

 

3. 그들은 이번 주말에 한국어를 공부할 거예요. (이번 주말에 over this weekend)

 

 

→                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

 

4. 저는 이모를 방문할 거예요. (이모aunt, 방문하다 to visit)

 

 

→                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

 

5. 저는 병원에 갈 거예요. (병원 hospital)

 

 

→                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

 

6. We will work out. (운동하다 to work out)

 

 

→                                                                                                                           .

 

 

7. He will drive. (운전하다 to drive)

 

 

→                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

 

8. She will cut her hair. (머리 hair or head, 자르다 to cut)

 

 

→                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

 

9.  I will cook. (요리하다 to cook)

 

 

→                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

 

10. They will go shopping. (쇼핑하다 to go shopping)

 

 

→                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

 

11. I will eat dinner with my younger sister.  (여동생 younger sister, 저녁dinner, 먹다 to eat)

                 

 

→                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Negation of the Future tense

 

 

Option 1) Add the negation marker “안” before “…ㄹ 거예요” or “…ㄹ 게요”  (…is the stem of the infinitive verb or adjective)

Ex)

그는 안 잘 거예요.                     He won’t sleep.

저는 안 잘게요.                         I am not going to sleep.

 

그녀는 안 들을 거예요.              She won’t listen.

저는 안 들을게요.                      I am not going to listen.

  

Option 2) Add the negative phrase “지 않을 거예요” or “지 않을게요” to the stem of the infinitive verb or adjective.

Ex)

그는 자지 않을 거예요.              He won’t sleep.

저는 자지 않을게요.                  I am not going to sleep.

 

그녀는 먹지 않을 거예요.           She won’t eat it.

 

저는 먹지 않을게요.                  I am not going to eat it.

 

 

 

 

 

Exercise 15) Translate the following sentences into English and vice versa.

 

1. 그들은 편지를 쓰지 않을 거예요. (편지 letter, 쓰다 to write)

 

 

→                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

 

 

2. 저는 늦게 안 일어날 거예요. (늦게 late, 일어나다 to get up)

 

 

→                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

 

 

3. 저는 오늘 밤에 일찍 자지 않을게요. (오늘 밤에 tonight, 자다 to sleep/to go to sleep)

 

 

→                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

 

 

4. I am not going to study this weekend. (이번 주말에 over this weekend, 공부하다 to study)

 

 

→                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

 

 

5. He won’t drive anymore. (더 이상 anymore, 운전하다 to drive)

 

 

→                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

 

 

 

6. We won’t lie. (거짓말하다 to lie)

 

 

→                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

 

7. They won’t cook dinner. (요리하다 to cook, 저녁 dinner)

 

 

→                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

 

8. She won’t work out. (운동하다 to work out)

 

 

→                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

 

 

9. It won’t snow anymore. (더 이상 anymore)

  

 

→                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

 

 

10. They won’t behave rudely. [행동하다 to behave, 버릇없게 rudely (as an adverb)]

 

 

→                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

 

Exercise 16) Translate the sentences into Korean and vice versa.

 

1) I am going to wake up early in the morning. (일찍 early, 일어나다 to wake up)

 

 

 

2) I am going to do my best. (최선을 다하다 to do one’s best)

 

 

 

3) I am going to study Korean hard. (열심히 hard)

 

 

 

4) We are going to meet people a lot. (많이 a lot, 만나다 to meet)

 

 

 

5) I am going to meet him. (만나다 to meet)

 

 

 

6) (저는) 유럽여행을 기대할게요! (유럽여행 a trip to Europe, 기대하다 to expect)

 

 

 

7) (저는) 숙제를 할게요. (숙제 homework)

 

 

 

8) (저는) 질문이 있으면 물어볼게요. (있으면 if I have, 질문 question, 물어보다 to ask)

 

 

 

9) 저희는 회사에 늦지 않을게요. (회사 a company, 늦다 to be late)

 

 

 

10) (저는) 밤에 운전하지 않을게요. (밤에 at night, 운전하다 to drive)

 

 

 

11) I am not going to cook dinner. (저녁 dinner, 요리하다 to cook)

 

 

 

12) I am not going to drink some coffee.  (마시다 to drink)

 

 

 

Exercise 17) Translate the following Q and A into Korean.

1. Q What will you do over the weekend?

 

    A I will read a book. (읽다to read, 책 book)

 

 

2. Q Will you go to the family meeting? (모임 meeting)

 

    A Yes, I am going to go to the family meeting.

 

 

3. Q Will you stay at home over the holiday? (휴일에 over the holiday)

 

    A No, I will travel. (여행하다 to travel)

 

 

4. Q What kind of food will you cook? (어떤 what kind of, 음식 food)

 

    A I will cook Italian food. (이탈리아 음식 Italian food, 요리하다 to cook)

 

 

5. Q Will he study Korean? (공부하다 to study)

 

    A Yes, he will study Korean soon. (곧 soon)

 

 

 

Answers)

 

Exercise 12)

Infinitive form

Stem of the infinitive form

Future form

공부하다

to study

공부하

공부할 거예요

will study

가다

to go

갈 거예요

will go

오다

to come

올 거예요

will come

보다

to watch, to see

볼 거예요

will watch (or) will see

말하다

to speak

말하

말할 거예요

will speak

만나다

to meet

만나

만날 거예요

will meet

일하다

to work

일하

일할 거예요

will work

요리하다

to cook

요리하

요리할 거예요

will cook

먹다

to eat

먹을 거예요

will eat

마시다

to drink

마시

마실 거예요

will drink

사다

to buy

살 거예요

will buy

입다

to wear

입을 거예요

will wear

하다

to do

할 거예요

will do

좋아하다

to like

좋아하

좋아할 거예요

will like

걷다

to walk

걷→걸

걸을 거예요

will walk

듣다

to listen, to hear

듣→들

들을 거예요

will listen (or) will hear

알다

to know

알 거예요

will know

싫어하다

to dislike

싫어하

싫어할 거예요

will dislike

있다

to exist, to stay

있을 거예요

will stay

없다

to not exist, to not stay

없을 거예요

will not stay

좋다

to be good

좋을 거예요

will be good

피곤하다

to be tired

피곤하

피곤할 거예요

will be tired

받다

to receive

받을 거예요

will receive

보내다

to send

보내

보낼 거예요

will send

잡다

to catch

잡을 거예요

will catch

집다

to pick up

집을 거예요

will pick up

이다

to be

일 거예요

will be

바쁘다

to be busy

바쁘

바쁠 거예요

will be busy

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercise 13)

1.       Q Will he eat a meal?

A Yes, he will eat a meal.

A No, he won’t eat a meal.

            He is on a diet

 

 

2.       Q Where will Samuel go?

A In spring, Samuel will go on a picnic.

A Samuel will go to work.

A Samuel will go to school.

 

 

3.       Q Will you go to the company meeting this afternoon?

A Yes, I will go to the company meeting.

A No, I won’t go to the company meeting.

   I will go to a family gathering.

 

 

4.       Q When will you do your homework?

A I will do the homework now.

A I already did the homework. So I don’t have it anymore.

A I don’t want to do the homework. So I won’t do the homework now.

= I don’t want to do the homework. So I won’t do the homework now.

 

 

5.       Q What will you do tomorrow?

         A I will meet my old friends.

A I will go to work tomorrow.

A I will start new work.

 

 

6.       Q What will you do over the weekend?

A I will watch a movie at home.

A I will study Korean at the library.

A I will probably go to the Sauna with my family.

 

 

7.       Q Which clothes will you wear tomorrow?

A I will wear a dress.

A I will wear a skirt or a pair of pants.

 

 

8.       Q Will you stay at home over the holiday?

A Yes, I will stay at home.

A No, I won’t stay at home.

 

 

9.       Q Which kind of food do you like?

A I like Italian food.

   So I will eat pizza and spaghetti.

 

 

10.     Q Will you eat breakfast tomorrow?

A Yes, I will eat breakfast tomorrow.

 

 

11.     Q Will you meet your girlfriend next week?

A Yes, I will meet my girlfriend next week.

         A No, I will not meet my girlfriend next week.

 

 

 

Exercise 14)

 

1. I will get up early in the morning.

 

2. He will go to bed early tonight.

 

3. They will study Korean this weekend.

 

4. I will visit my aunt.

 

5. I will go to the hospital.

 

6. 저희는 운동할 거예요.

 

7. 그는 운전할 거예요.

 

8. 그녀는 그녀의 머리를 자를 거예요.

 

9. 저는 요리할 거예요.

 

10. 그들은 쇼핑할 거예요.

 

11. 저는 제 여동생과 저녁을 먹을 거예요. (or) 저는 저녁을 제 여동생과 먹을 거예요.

 

 

 

 

V-I. Negation of Future tense

 

Exercise 15)

 

1. They won’t write a letter.

 

2. I won’t get up late.

 

3. I won’t go to sleep early tonight.

 

4. 저는 이번 주말에 공부 안 할 거예요. (or) 저는 이번 주말에 공부하지 않을 거예요.

 

5. 그는 더 이상 운전 안 할 거예요. (or) 그는 더 이상 운전하지 않을 거예요.

 

6. 저희는 거짓말 안 할 거예요. (or) 저희는 거짓말하지 않을 거예요.

 

7. 그들은 저녁을 요리 안 할 거예요. (or) 그들은 저녁을 요리하지 않을 거예요.

 

8. 그녀는 운동 안 할 거예요. (or) 그녀는 운동하지 않을 거예요.

 

9. 눈이 더 이상 안 올 거예요. (or) 눈이 더 이상 오지 않을 거예요.

 

10. 그들은 버릇없게 행동 안 할 거예요. (or) 그들은 버릇없게 행동하지 않을 거예요.

 

 

Exercise 16)

 

1. (저는) 아침에 일찍 일어날게요.

 

 

2. (저는) 최선을 다할게요.

 

 

3. (저는) 한국어를 열심히 공부할게요.

 

 

4. 저희는 사람들을 많이 만날게요.

 

 

5. (저는) 그를 만날게요.

 

 

6. I am going to expect a trip to Europe!

 

 

7. I am going to do my homework.

 

 

8. I am going to ask if I have a question.

9. We are not going to be late for work.

 

 

10. I am not going to drive at night.

 

 

11. (저는) 저녁을 요리하지 않을게요. (or) (저는) 저녁을 요리 안 할게요.

 

 

12. (저는) 커피를 마시지 않을게요. (or) (저는) 커피를 안 마실게요.

 

 

 

Exercise 17)

 

1. Q (당신은) 주말에 뭐를 할 거예요?  

 

    A (저는) 책을 읽을 거예요.

 

 

2. Q (당신은) 가족 모임에 갈 거예요?

 

    A 네, (저는) 가족 모임에 갈 거예요.

 

 

3. Q (당신은) 휴일에 집에 있을 거예요?

 

    A 아니요, (저는) 여행할 거예요.

 

 

4. Q (당신은) 어떤 음식을 요리할 거예요?

 

    A (저는) 이탈리아 음식을 요리할 거예요.

 

 

5. Q 그는 한국어를 공부할 거예요?

 

    A 네, 그는 한국어를 곧 공부할 거예요. (or)

 

       네, 그는 곧 한국어를 공부할 거예요.