Korean Grammar: Shorten forms of Reported Speech

Korean Grammar: Shorten forms of Reported Speech

 

1. /는대is the shorten form of /는다고 ()했어요

       "SOMEONE/HE/SHE/THEY said that…”

  • is the infinitive stem of a verb that was happening at the moment when I heard it

 

1) DS: 그는 말했어요.  +  “그들을 좋아해요.”

 

    RS: 그는 그들을 좋아한대요.

            He said that he likes them.

 

 

 

2. …대요 is the shorten form of …다고 ()했어요

          “SOMEONE/HE/SHE/THEY said that…”

  • …is the infinitive stem of an adjective tht was the status or situation at the moment when I heard it

 

1) DS: 누군가 말했어요.  +  “한국에서 여행 비자로 일할 수 없어요.”

 

    RS: 한국에서 여행 비자로 일할 수 없대요.

            Someone said that you can’t work in Korean with a travel visa.

 

2) DS: 의사 선생님이 말했어요.  +  “10시간 이상 자면 건강에 안 좋아요.”

 

    RS: 의사 선생님이 10시간 이상 자면 건강에 안 좋대요.

            My doctor said that if you sleep more than 10 hours, it is not good for health. 

 

 

 

3. ~ㅆ대요is the shorten form of  ~ㅆ다고 ()했어요

       “SOMEONE/HE/SHE/THEY said that…”

  • the conjugated stem of a verb or adjective: [ ~ ] had already happened  at the moment when I heard it

 

1) DS: 그녀는 말했어요.  +  “졸업했어요.”

 

    RS: 그녀는 졸업했대요.

            She said that she graduated.

 

 

 

4. … 거래요 is the shorten form of ㄹ거라고 ()했어요

         “SOMEONE/HE/SHE/THEY said that…”

  • the infinitive stem of a verb or adjective:  […] will happen later than the moment when I heard it

 

Ex)

1) DS: 그들은 말했어요.  +  “내년에 대한민국에 갈 거예요.”

 

    RS: 그들은 내년에 대한민국에 갈 거래요.

            They said that they will go to Korea next year.

 

 

 

5. Noun()래요is the shorten form of Noun()라고 ()했어요

     "SOMEONE/HE/SHE/THEY said that it Is Noun”

  • If the Noun ends with a consonant 이래요
  • If the Noun ends with a vowel 래요

 

    DS: 그들은 말했어요.  +  “저희는 군인입니다.”

   

    RS: 그들은 군인이래요.

           They said that they are soldiers.

 

 

 

6. Noun 이었대요  is the shorten form of Noun이었다고 ()했어요

      "SOMEONE/HE/SHE/THEY said that it was Noun”

  • Noun ends with a consonant
  • 이었대요can be shortend to 였대요

 

    DS: 성민 씨는 말했어요.  +  “저는 의사였어요.”

   

    RS: 성민 씨는 의였대요.

           Mr. SungMin said that he was a doctor.

 

 

7a. …재요 is the shorten form of  …자고 ()했어요

        “SOMEONE/HE/SHE/THEY told me to…” (suggestion)

 

    DS: 친구가 말했어요.  +  “오늘 점심을 같이 먹자!”

   

    RS: 친구가 오늘 점심을 같이 먹재요.

            My friend told me to eat lunch together.

 

 

 

 

7b. … 말재요 is the shorten form of  … 말자고 ()했어요

“SOMEONE/HE/SHE/THEY told me not to…” (suggestion)

 

 

    DS: 동료가 말했어요 +  “비가 오니까 소풍가지 맙시다!”

   

    RS: 동료가 비가 오니까 소풍가지 말재요.

            My colleague told me not to go on a picnic since it is raining.

 

 

 

 

8a. …래요 is the shorten form of  …라고 ()했어요

       ”SOMEONE/HE/SHE/THEY told me to…” (imperative)

 

 

    DS: 그녀가 말했어요.  +  “방을 청소해!”

   

    RS: 그녀가 방을 청소하래요.

           She told me to clean my room.

 

 

 

 

8b. … 말래요 is the shorten form of  … 말라고 ()했어요

        “SOMEONE/HE/SHE/THEY told me not to…” (imperative)

 

    DS: 직원이 말했어요.  +  “엘레베이터가 고장났으니까 타지 마세요!”

   

    RS: 직원이 엘레베이터가 고장났으니까 타지 말래요.

            A staff told me not to take an elevator because it is broken.

 

 

9. ~ 달래요is the shorten form of  ~달라고 ()했어요

       “SOMEONE/HE/SHE/THEY asked /requested me to~”

 

    DS: 친구가 말했어요.  +  “백화점까지 태워 줘!”

   

    RS: 친구가 백화점까지 태워 달래요.

            My friend asked me to give him/her a lift to the department store.

 

 

 

 

10. …냬요is the shorten form of  …냐고 물어봤어요

       “SOMEONE/HE/SHE/THEY asked that…”

                                 

    DS: 동료가 물어봤어요.  +  “휴가 때 어디에 갈 거예요?”

   

    RS: 동료가 휴가 때 어디에 갈 거냬요.

           My colleague asked me where I will go for vacation.

 

 

 

 

Exercise 14) Fill in the blanks.

 

1) 사람들이 착하           .

        I heard that people are nice.

 

 

2) 그는 매운 음식을 못 먹는            .

      I heard that he can’t eat spicy food.

 

 

3) 그는 내년에 대한민국에 갈             .

      I heard that he will go to Korea next year.

 

 

4) 제가 어제 만난 사람이 가수            .

      I heard that the person that I met is a singer.

 

 

5) 그 사람이 성준 씨 친구            .

        I heard that the person is Mr. SeongJun’s friend.

 

 

Exercise 15) Complete the sentences using the shorten forms

 

1) 그녀는 아프다고 했어요.

      She said that she is sick.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

2) 그는 학교에 간다고 말했어요.

      He said that he goes to school.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

3) 친구가 오늘 눈이 많이 왔다고 말했어요.

      My friend told me that it snowed a lot today.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

4) 그들은 한국 음식을 좋아한다고 했어요.

      They told me that they like Korean food.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

5) 이 옷이 유행이라고 말했어요.

      Someone told me that this clothes is in fashion.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

6) 미나 씨는 3년 전에 독일에서 살았다고 말했어요.

      Mina told me that she lived in Germany 3 years ago.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

7) 민경 씨는 일을 그만뒀다고 말했어요. (그만두다 to quit)

      Minkyeong told me that she quit her job.

  

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

8) 2018년에 평창 동계 올림픽이 열렸다고 했어요.

      Someone told me that PyeongChang Winter Olympic was held in 2018.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

9) 그는 오늘 한국어 수업이 있다고  말했어요.

     He said that he has Korean lesson today.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

10) 한민국에 갔다온 친구들은 대한민국이 재미있었다고  말했어요.

        Friends who visited Korea said that Korea was fun.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

11) 다음 주부터2주 동안 백화점이 문을 닫을 거라고 했어요.

         Someone told me that from next week the department store will be closed for 2 weeks.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

12) 마이클 씨는 5년 전에 의사였다고 했어요.          

       Michael said that he was a doctor 5 years ago.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

13)  그들 한국 음식을 먹고 싶다고 말했어요.

         They said that they want to eat Korean food.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

14) 그들 언젠가 그를 만날거라고  말했어요.

        They said that they will meet him some day.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

 

15) 그 책이 재미있냐고  물어봤어요.

        Someone asked if the book is interesting.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

16) 이번주 금요일에 도서관에 갈 거냐고 물어봤어요.

        Somone asked if I will go to a library this Friday.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

17) 그녀의 집들이에 같이 가자고 했어요.

        Someone told me to go to her house warming party together. (집들이 house warming party)

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

18) 비밀을 지키라고  했어요.

        Somone told me to keep their secret. (비밀을 지키다 to keep the secret)

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

19) 다른 사람에게 친절하라고  했어요.  

        Someone told me to be kind to others. (다른 사람 others, 친절하다 to be kind)

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

20) 열심히 일하자고 했어요.

         Somone told me to study hard together.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

21) 친구가 남자를 소개해 달라고 했어요.

         My friend asked me to introduce a man.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

22) 그녀의 방에서 나가라고  말했어요.

        Someone told me to leave her room.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

23) 남자 친구를 보여 달라고 했어요.

        Someone asked me to show my boyfriend.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

24) 앉으라고  했어요.

         Someone told me to sit.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

25) 그들과 같이 갈 거라고 했어요.

         Someone said that he/she will go with them.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

26) 이번 주말에 뭐 할 거냐고  물어봤어요.

        Someone asked me what I will do this weekend.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

27) 오늘 밤에 같이 영화를 보자고 했어요.

         Someene told him to watch a movie together tonight.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

28) 그들은 잘 먹겠다고  했어요.

         They said that they will eat well.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

29) 요리해 달라고 했어요.

        Someone asked me to cook dinner.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

 

30) 더 말해 달라고 했어요.

        Somone asked me to tell it more.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

31) 이것이 얼마냐고 물어봤어요.

         Someone asked me how much this is.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

32) 시간이 괜찮은지 물어봤어요.

         Someone asked me if the time is ok.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

33) 영어를 가르쳐 줄 수 있는지 물어봤어요.

        Someone asked me if I can teach him English.

 

                                                                                                                                           .

 

 

 

Answers)

Exercise 14)

1. 대요

2. 대요

3. 거래요

4. 래요

5. 래요

 

 

Exercise 15)

1. 그녀는 아프대요.

2. 그는 학교에 간대요.

3. 친구가 오늘 눈이 많이 왔대요.

4. 그들은 한국 음식을 좋아한대요.

5. 이 옷이 유행이래요.

6. 미나 씨는 3년 전에 독일에서 살았대요.

7. 민경 씨는 일을 그만뒀대요.

8. 2018년에 평창 동계 올림픽이 열렸대요.

9. 그는 오늘 한국어 수업이 있대요.

10. 대한민국에 갔다온 친구들은 대한민국이 재미있었대요.

11. 다음 주부터 2주 동안 백화점이 문을 닫을 거래요.

12. 마이클 씨는 5년 전에 의사였대요.

13. 그들은 한국 음식을 먹고 싶대요.

14. 그들은 언젠가 그를 만날 거래요.

15. 그 책이 재미있냬요.

16. 이번주 금요일에 도서관에 갈 거냬요.

17. 그녀의 집들이에 같이 가재요.

18. 비밀을 지키래요.

19. 다른 사람에게 친절하래요.

20. 열심히 일하재요.

21. 친구가 남자를 소개해 달래요.

22. 그녀의 방에서 나가래요.

23. 남자 친구를 보여 달래요.

24. 앉으래요.

25. 그들과 같이 갈 거래요.

26. 이번 주말에 뭐 할 거냬요.

27. 오늘 밤에 같이 영화를 보재요.

28. 그들은 잘 먹겠대요.

29. 요리해 달래요.

30. 더 말해 달래요.

31. 이것이 얼마냬요.

32. 시간이 괜찮냬요.

33. 영어를 가르쳐 줄 수 있냬요.